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This result can seriously Restrict the performance of nonlinear frequency conversion processes, particularly when working with tightly focused laser beams.Clearly, the higher the thickness or difference in refractive indices, the bigger the diploma of retardation in between waves. Early observations made about the mineral calcite indicated that thi

It is expected the PV potential will in excess of quadruple from a hundred and fifty GW in 2021 to 650 GW by 2030 [87]. The increasing desire for solar cells puts substantial stress within the silicon feedstock and ingot makers. Therefore, producers are needed to scale up the diameter in the ingots to satisfy the industry’s requirements. However,